This Regulation shall enter into force on the day following its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union .

This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in all Member States.

Done at Brussels, 11 June 2025.

For the Commission

The President

Ursula VON DER LEYEN

( 1 ) OJ L 176, 30.6.2016, p. 21 , ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2016/1036/oj .

( 2 ) OJ C, C/2024/3241, 24.5.2024, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/C/2024/3241/oj .

( 3 ) Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/2716 of 24 October 2024 making imports of vanillin originating in the People’s Republic of China subject to registration ( OJ L, 2024/2716, 25.10.2024, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2024/2716/oj ).

( 4 ) Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2015/2447 of 24 November 2015 laying down detailed rules for implementing certain provisions of Regulation (EU) No 952/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council laying down the Union Customs Code ( OJ L 343, 29.12.2015, p. 558 , ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2015/2447/oj ).

( 5 ) TRON document t24.004546 of 3 June 2024.

( 6 ) TRON document: t24.004732 of 10 June 2024.

( 7 ) In particular the subsector of organic chemicals and food additives, which is the focus of the present investigation.

( 8 ) Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/1959 of 17 July 2024 imposing a provisional anti-dumping duty on imports of erythritol originating in the People’s Republic of China ( OJ L, 2024/1959, 19.7.2024, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2024/1959/oj ); Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/2180 of 16 October 2023 amending Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/607 imposing a definitive anti-dumping duty on imports of citric acid originating in the People’s Republic of China as extended to imports of citric acid consigned from Malaysia, whether declared as originating in Malaysia or not, following a new exporter review pursuant to Article 11(4) of Regulation (EU) 2016/1036 of the European Parliament and of the Council ( OJ L, 2023/2180, 17.10.2023, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2023/2180/oj ); Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/752 of 12 April 2023 imposing a definitive anti-dumping duty on imports of sodium gluconate originating in the People’s Republic of China following an expiry review pursuant to Article 11(2) of Regulation (EU) 2016/1036 of the European Parliament and of the Council ( OJ L 100, 13.4.2023, p. 16 , ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2023/752/oj ).

( 9 ) Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/1959, recitals 161-162; Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/2180, recitals 89-90; Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/752, recital 70.

( 10 ) Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/1959, recitals 103-113; Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/2180, recitals 46-50; Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/752, recital 49.

( 11 ) Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/1959, recitals 114-122; Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/2180, recitals 51-55; Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/752, recitals 50-54. While the right to appoint and to remove key management personnel in SOEs by the relevant State authorities, as provided for in the Chinese legislation, can be considered to reflect the corresponding ownership rights, CCP cells in enterprises, state-owned and private alike, represent another important channel through which the State can interfere with business decisions. According to the PRC’s company law, a CCP organisation is to be established in every company (with at least three CCP members as specified in the CCP Constitution) and the company shall provide the necessary conditions for the activities of the party organisation. In the past, this requirement appears not to have always been followed or strictly enforced. However, since at least 2016 the CCP has reinforced its claims to control business decisions in SOEs as a matter of political principle. The CCP is also reported to exercise pressure on private companies to put ‘patriotism’ first and to follow party discipline. In 2017, it was reported that party cells existed in 70 % of some 1,86 million privately owned companies, with growing pressure for the CCP organisations to have a final say over the business decisions within their respective companies. These rules are of general application throughout the Chinese economy, across all sectors, including to the producers of the product under review and the suppliers of their inputs.

( 12 ) Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/1959, recitals 123-133; Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/2180, recitals 56-65; Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/752, recitals 55-63.

( 13 ) Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/1959, recitals 134-138; Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/2180, recitals 66-69; Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/752, recital 64.

( 14 ) Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/1959, recitals 139-142; Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/2180, recitals 71-72; Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/752, recital 65.

( 15 ) Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/1959, recitals 143-152; Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/2180, recitals 72-81; Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/752, recital 66.

( 16 ) Commission Staff Working Document on Significant Distortions in the Economy of the People’s Republic of China for the purposes of Trade Defence Investigations, 10 April 2024, SWD(2024) 91 final, available at: https://ec.europa.eu/transparency/documents-register/detail?ref=SWD(2024)91&lang=en , including the previous version of the document: Commission Staff Working Document on Significant Distortions in the Economy of the People’s Republic of China for the purposes of Trade Defence Investigations, 20 December 2017, SWD(2017) 483 final/2, available at: https://ec.europa.eu/transparency/documents-register/detail?ref=SWD(2017)483&lang=en .

( 17 ) Such as: WTO Trade Policy Review 2021, WT/TPR/S/415; US Department of Commerce and International Trade Administration, C-570-054, Issues and Decision Memorandum for the Final Determination in the Countervailing Duty Investigation of Certain Aluminium Foil from the People’s Republic of China, 26 February 2018.

( 18 ) Report, p. 109.

( 19 ) Ibid., p. 6.

( 20 ) Ibid., p. 312.

( 21 ) Ibid., p. 321.

( 22 ) Ibid., p. 217.

( 23 ) Ibid., p. 223.

( 24 ) Ibid., p. 234.

( 25 ) Ibid., p. 270.

( 26 ) Ibid., p. 246.

( 27 ) Ibid., p. 254.

( 28 ) See US Department of Commerce and International Trade Administration, C-570-054, Issues and Decision Memorandum for the Final Determination in the Countervailing Duty Investigation of Certain Aluminium Foil from the People’s Republic of China, 26 February 2018.

( 29 ) Ibidem .

( 30 ) Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/2011 of 17 November 2021 imposing a definitive anti-dumping duty on imports of optical fibre cables originating in the People’s Republic of China ( OJ L 410, 18.11.2021, p. 51 , ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2021/2011/oj ), recitals 126 and 140; Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/191 of 16 February 2022 imposing a definitive anti-dumping duty on imports of certain iron or steel fasteners originating in the People’s Republic of China ( OJ L 36, 17.2.2022, p. 1 , ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2022/191/oj ), recitals 188 and 203-208.

( 31 ) Report, p. 343.

( 32 ) Jiaxing Zhonghua is due to set up a new company and build a new production site (Shandong Wanhua). This new entity has the approval from the Chinese authorities to build up to 10 kT synthetic vanillin and 3 kT ethylvanillin capacity.

( 33 ) See Jiangxi Brother annual report 2023, p. 66, available at: https://q.stock.sohu.com/newpdf/202457673962.pdf (accessed on 10 January 2025).

( 34 ) See Asia Aroma annual report 2023, p. 118, available at: http://file.finance.sina.com.cn/211.154.219.97:9494/MRGG/CNSESZ_STOCK/2024/2024-4/2024-04-22/10016936.PDF (accessed on 10 January 2025).

( 35 ) See: http://www.thrive-chemicals.com/ (accessed on 10 January 2025).

( 36 ) See: https://www.zhhhg.com/ (accessed on 10 January 2025).

( 37 ) See: http://www.sinopec.com/listco/000/000/042/42065.shtml (accessed on 10 January 2025).

( 38 ) See: http://www.sinochemhx.com/en/14661.html (accessed on 10 January 2025).

( 39 ) See: http://wap.sasac.gov.cn/n2588045/n27271785/n27271792/c14159097/content.html (accessed on 10 January 2025).

( 40 ) See: http://www.cpcif.org.cn/detail/39747711-f959-4eb8-8a59-0f3f776ae8e0 (accessed on 10 January 2025).

( 41 ) See CPCIF Articles of Association, Article 3, available at: http://www.cpcif.org.cn/detail/40288043661e27fb01661e386a3f0001?e=1 (accessed on 10 January 2025).

( 42 ) Ibid.

( 43 ) Ibid., Article 36.

( 44 ) See: https://www.cfaa.cn/lxweb/showSecondryPage.action?subLanmuVo.paramRoot=UTI_FIC_INTRODUCTION&chapter.param.paramCode=UTI_FIC_INTRODUCTION_2 (accessed on 10 January 2025).

( 45 ) See: https://www.cfaa.cn/ (accessed on 10 January 2025).

( 46 ) See: https://www.cfaa.cn/lxweb/showSecondryPage.action?subLanmuVo.paramRoot=UTI_CATEGORY_7&chapter.id=2286&type= (accessed on 10 January 2025).

( 47 ) See: https://www.cfaa.cn/lxweb/toIndex.action?type=en&param.paramCode=UTI_ENGLISH_2 , (accessed on 13 January 2025).

( 48 ) See: http://www.cpcif.org.cn/list/40288043661dc14701661ddbe0980010 (accessed on 10 January 2025).

( 49 ) See: http://www.jx-sptjj.com/html/xhgk/index.html (accessed on 13 January 2025).

( 50 ) See: http://www.jx-sptjj.com/html/hyml/list_10.html (accessed on 13 January 2025).

( 51 ) See Section III.8.3, available at: https://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2021-03/13/content_5592681.htm (accessed on 13 January 2025).

( 52 ) See Section VIII.1, available at: https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/2021-12/29/5665166/files/90c1c79a00b44c67b59c29392476c862.pdf (accessed on 13 January 2025).

( 53 ) See Section III.4 and I.1, available at: https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/2022-04/08/content_5683972.htm#msdynttrid=WRmyf07ph0z74SHmXoOLKjRWl09BdZ4lGdYp9fiI9xU (accessed on 13 January 2025).

( 54 ) See: https://www.zhhhg.com/newsshow.php?newsid=140 (accessed on 15 January 2025).

( 55 ) See: http://cq.gov.cn/ywdt/jrcq/202306/t20230620_12079206.html (accessed on 15 January 2025).

( 56 ) See: https://www.sinochem.com/sinochem/guwm/zlzz/ds/A031002002002Gone1.html (accessed on 15 January 2025).

( 57 ) See: https://www.sinochem.com/sinochem/dzyjj/dj11/A031007001Gone1.html (accessed on 15 January 2025).

( 58 ) See: http://www.sinopecgroup.com/group/gsglc/index.shtml (accessed on 10 December 2024).

( 59 ) See: http://www.sinopecgroup.com/group/000/000/041/41878.shtml (accessed on 10 December 2024).

( 60 ) Report, Chapter 16.

( 61 ) See Section III.8.3.

( 62 ) See Section IV.1.3, available at: https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/2021-12/29/content_5665166.htm (accessed on 6 December 2024).

( 63 ) See: https://www.jiaxing.gov.cn/art/2020/12/28/art_1228922755_59069897.html (accessed on 15 January 2025).

( 64 ) See Section III.2.4, available at: https://www.cq.gov.cn/zwgk/zfxxgkml/szfwj/qtgw/ 202108/t20210803_9538603.html (accessed on 13 January 2025).

( 65 ) Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/1959, recitals 153-157; Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/2180, recitals 82-84; Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/752, recital 67.

( 66 ) See: http://www.thrive-chemicals.com/content.php?catid=39&id=118 (accessed on 28 April 2025).

( 67 ) World Bank Open Data – Upper Middle Income, https://data.worldbank.org/income-level/upper-middle-income .

( 68 ) NACE (‘Nomenclature statistique des Activités économiques dans la Communauté Européenne’) is the classification of economic activities in the European Union (EU). The NACE code concerned is C20.1.4: ‘Manufacture of other organic basic chemicals’. For the full list of NACE codes: https://ec.europa.eu/competition/mergers/cases/index/nace_all.html .

( 69 ) These companies are listed in the First Note (TRON save number t24.008986).

( 70 ) Judgment of the General Court of 21 February 2024 – Sinopec Chongqing SVW Chemical Co Ltd. and Others v European Commission , T-762/20, ECLI:EU:T:2024:113.

( 71 ) Regulation (EU) 2015/755 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2015 on common rules for imports from certain third countries ( OJ L 123, 19.5.2015, p. 33 , ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2015/755/oj ) as amended by Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2017/749 of 24 February 2017 ( OJ L 113, 29.4.2017, p. 11 , ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_del/2017/749/oj ).

( 72 ) Phenol represents between 25 %-30 % of the cost of manufacturing of the product under investigation.

( 73 ) Council Regulation (EU) 2022/576 of 8 April 2022 amending Regulation (EU) No 833/2014 concerning restrictive measures in view of Russia’s actions destabilising the situation in Ukraine ( OJ L 111, 8.4.2022, p. 1 , ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2022/576/oj ).

( 74 ) Global Trade Atlas: https://connect.ihsmarkit.com/,http://www.gtis.com/gta/secure/default.cfm.

( 75 ) For five raw materials (glyoxylic acid, hydrogen peroxide, guaiacol/guetol, copper sulphate, toluene) the GTA import data for Brazil were not considered appropriate, due to the absence of significant imports and/or inclusion of several product labels within the same GTA product. For these five raw materials, the Commission considered imports from all countries (guaiacol/guetol), exports from Brazil (hydrogen peroxide, toluene, copper sulphate) and exports from France (glyoxylic acid).

( 76 ) https://www.ibge.gov.br/en/statistics/economic/prices-and-costs/17136-national-consumer-price-index.html?edicao=36055&t=downloads .

( 77 ) https://www.gov.br/mme/pt-br/assuntos/secretarias/sntep/publicacoes/boletins-mensais-de-energia/boletins/2023-1/ingles/brazilian-monthly-energy-bulletin-january-2023.pdf/view .

( ** ) ‘xx’ stands for several codes after the 6-digit code level. For Ortho vanillin and Ethoxysalicylaldehyde the full list of commodity codes is: 2912 49 10 , 2912 49 20 , 2912 49 30 , 2912 49 41 , 2912 49 49 , 2912 49 90 ; For O-Diethoxy benzene the full list of commodity codes is: 2909 30 11 , 2909 30 12 , 2909 30 13 , 2909 30 14 , 2909 30 19 , 2909 30 21 , 2909 30 23 , 2909 30 29 .

( 78 ) During the investigation period, Brazil’s export volumes far exceeded its import volumes for the relevant products. Specifically, Brazil exported over 122 000 tonnes of hydrogen peroxide, compared to just 220 tonnes imported; over 43 000 tonnes of toluene, compared to only 8 tonnes imported; and over 11 000 tonnes of copper sulphate, compared to just 7 tonnes imported. Furthermore, the price analysis revealed a significant disparity, with average import prices being approximately 100 times higher than average export prices (source: GTA).

( 79 ) TRON document: t25.000690 submitted on 13 January 2025.

( 80 ) Procurement resources ( https://www.procurementresource.com/ ) is a platform that provides procurement data and insights to help organisations make informed purchasing decisions. This is a pay-per-use website.

( 81 ) For more information see the Commission website: https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/customs-4/calculation-customs-duties/customs-tariff/eu-customs-tariff-taric_en#:~:text=Legal%20basis,07%2F09%2F1987).

( 82 ) Here some examples of auxiliary materials reported by the exporting producers in their COP files: Packing material, Chemical solvent, Acetone, Methyl isobutyl ketone, Phosphoric acid, Freon, Sodium Triphosphate, Tetrasodium, Scale and Corrosion Inhibitor, Calcium Hydroxide, Anhydrous Ammonia, Calcium Chloride, Iron powder.

( 83 ) https://www.ibge.gov.br/en/statistics/technical-documents/statistical-lists-and-classifications/17245-national-classification-of-economic-activities.html?edicao=17248&t=resultados .

( 84 ) https://www.ibge.gov.br/en/statistics/economic/prices-and-costs/17136-national-consumer-pricce-index.html?edicao=36055&t=downloads .

( 85 ) Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/2247 of 15 November 2022 imposing a definitive anti-dumping duty and definitively collecting the provisional duty imposed on imports of electrolytic chromium coated steel products originating in the People’s Republic of China and Brazil ( OJ L 295, 16.11.2022, p. 7 , ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2022/2247/oj ).

( 86 ) https://www.gov.br/mme/pt-br/assuntos/secretarias/sntep/publicacoes/boletins-mensais-de-energia/boletins/2023-1/ingles/brazilian-monthly-energy-bulletin-january-2023.pdf/view .

( 87 ) Regulation (EU) 2022/576.

( 88 ) Commission Staff Working Document on Significant Distortions in the Economy of the Russian Federation for the Purposes of Trade Defence Investigations, see in Chapter 10.2.3.

( 89 ) Commission Staff Working Document on Significant Distortions in the Economy of the Russian Federation for the Purposes of Trade Defence Investigations, SWD(2020) 242 final, 22.10.2020, https://ec.europa.eu/transparency/documents-register/detail?ref=SWD(2020)242&lang=en , see in Chapter 14.1 (accessed 18 December 2024).

( 90 ) https://thedocs.worldbank.org/en/doc/5d903e848db1d1b83e0ec8f744e55570-0350012021/related/CMO-Pink-Sheet-November-2024.pdf . This price is Australian export price FOB Newcastle, Australia.

( 91 ) Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/81 of 13 January 2025 imposing a provisional anti-dumping duty on imports of flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel plated or coated with tin originating in the People’s Republic of China ( OJ L, 2025/81, 14.1.2025, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2025/81/oj ).

( 92 ) Benchmark the Fuel Cost of Steam Generation, Energy Tips: STEAM, Steam Tip Sheet #15 (Fact Sheet), Advanced Manufacturing Office (AMO), Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy (EERE) .

( 93 ) See judgment of 7 March 2024, AO Nevinnomysskiy Azot and AO Novomoskovskaya Aktsionernaya Kompania NAK ‘Azot’ v European Commission , C-725/22, ECLI:EU:C:2024:217, paras. 67 and 72.

( 94 ) Judgment of 14 March 1990, Gestetner Holdings plc v Council and Commission of the European Communities , C-156/87, ECLI:EU:C:1990:116, para. 31.

( 95 ) Judgment of 7 March 2024, AO Nevinnomysskiy Azot and AO Novomoskovskaya Aktsionernaya Kompania NAK ‘Azot’ v European Commission , C-725/22, ECLI:EU:C:2024:217, para. 66.

( 96 ) Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/1336 of 25 September 2020 imposing definitive anti-dumping duties on imports of certain polyvinyl alcohols originating in the People’s Republic of China (‘Polyvinyl alcohols’) ( OJ L 315, 29.9.2020, p. 1 , ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2020/1336/oj ), recital 352.

( 97 ) https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/economic-bulletin/focus/2022/html/ecb.ebbox202108_01~e8ceebe51f.en.html .

( 98 ) During the investigation period the fixed costs decreased in absolute terms.

( 99 ) Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2024/2509 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 September 2024 on the financial rules applicable to the general budget of the Union ( OJ L, 2024/2509, 26.9.2024, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/2509/oj ).

ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2025/1151/oj

ISSN 1977-0677 (electronic edition)

COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING REGULATION (EU) 2025/1151 of 11 June 2025 imposing a definitive anti-dumping duty on imports of vanillin originating in the People’s Republic of China