This Regulation shall enter into force on the day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union .

Article 1 shall apply for a period of six months.

This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in all Member States.

Done at Brussels, 11 July 2023.

For the Commission

The President

Ursula VON DER LEYEN

( 1 ) OJ L 176, 30.6.2016, p. 21 .

( 2 ) Notice of initiation of an anti-dumping proceeding concerning imports of bulb flat originating in the People’s Republic of China and Türkiye ( OJ C 431, 14.11.2022, p. 11 ).

( 3 ) https://tron.trade.ec.europa.eu/investigations/case-view?caseId=2640

( 4 ) Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/2068 of 26 October 2022 imposing a definitive anti-dumping duty on imports of certain cold-rolled flat steel products originating in the People’s Republic of China and the Russian Federation following an expiry review pursuant to Article 11(2) of Regulation (EU) 2016/1036 of the European Parliament and of the Council ( OJ L 277, 27.10.2022, p. 149 ); Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/191 of 16 February 2022 imposing a definitive anti-dumping duty on imports of certain iron or steel fasteners originating in the People’s Republic of China ( OJ L 36, 17.2.2022, p. 1 ); Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/95 of 24 January 2022 imposing a definitive anti-dumping duty on imports of certain tube and pipe fittings, of iron or steel, originating in the People’s Republic of China, as extended to imports of certain tube and pipe fittings, of iron or steel consigned from Taiwan, Indonesia, Sri Lanka and the Philippines, whether declared as originating in these countries or not, following an expiry review pursuant to Article 11(2) of Regulation (EU) 2016/1036 of the European Parliament and of the Council ( OJ L 16, 25.1.2022, p. 36 ); Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/2239 of 15 December 2021 imposing a definitive anti-dumping duty on imports of certain utility scale steel wind towers originating in the People’s Republic of China ( OJ L 450, 16.12.2021, p. 59 ); Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/635 of 16 April 2021 imposing a definitive anti-dumping duty on imports of certain welded pipes and tubes of iron or non-alloyed steel originating in Belarus, the People’s Republic of China and Russia following an expiry review pursuant to Article 11(2) of Regulation (EU) 2016/1036 of the European Parliament and of the Council ( OJ L 132, 19.4.2021, p. 145 ).

( 5 ) See Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/2068 recital 80; Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/191 recital 208, Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/95 recital 59, Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/2239 recitals 67-74, Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/635 recitals 149-150.

( 6 ) See Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/2068 recital 64; Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/191 recital 192, Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/95 recital 46, Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/2239 recitals 67-74, Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/635 recitals 115-118.

( 7 ) See Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/2068 recital 66; Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/191 recitals 193-4, Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/95 recital 47, Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/2239 recitals 67-74, Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/635 recitals 119-122. While the right to appoint and to remove key management personnel in SOEs by the relevant State authorities, as provided for in the Chinese legislation, can be considered to reflect the corresponding ownership rights, CCP cells in enterprises, state owned and private alike, represent another important channel through which the State can interfere with business decisions. According to the PRC’s company law, a CCP organisation is to be established in every company (with at least three CCP members as specified in the CCP Constitution) and the company shall provide the necessary conditions for the activities of the party organisation. In the past, this requirement appears not to have always been followed or strictly enforced. However, since at least 2016 the CCP has reinforced its claims to control business decisions in SOEs as a matter of political principle. The CCP is also reported to exercise pressure on private companies to put ‘patriotism’ first and to follow party discipline. In 2017, it was reported that party cells existed in 70 % of some 1,86 million privately owned companies, with growing pressure for the CCP organisations to have a final say over the business decisions within their respective companies. These rules are of general application throughout the Chinese economy, across all sectors, including to the producers of the product under investigation and the suppliers of their inputs.

( 8 ) See Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/2068 recital 68; Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/191 recitals 195-201, Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/95 recitals 48-52, Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/2239 recitals 67-74, Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/635 recitals 123-129.

( 9 ) See Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/2068 recital 74; Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/191 recital 202, Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/95 recital 53, Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/2239 recitals 67-74, Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/635 recitals 130-133.

( 10 ) See Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/2068 recital 75; Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/191 recital 203, Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/95 recital 54, Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/2239 recitals 67-74, Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/635 recitals 134-135.

( 11 ) See Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/2068 recital 76; Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/191 recital 204, Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/95 recital 55, Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/2239 recitals 67-74, Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/635 recitals 136-145.

( 12 ) Commission staff working document SWD (2017) 483 final/2, 20. 12. 2017, available at: https://ec.europa.eu/transparency/documents-register/detail?ref=SWD(2017)483&lang = en

( 13 ) Hebei Jitai Special Steel Group Co., Ltd. (n.d.). Baidu, available at: https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E6%B2%B3%E5%8C%97%E5%90%89%E6%B3%B0%E7%89%B9%E9%92%A2%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2%E6%9C%89%E9%99%90%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8/4599958 (accessed on 3 April 2023).

( 14 ) Study the century-old party history and move forward with your head held high – Tangshan Baigong Industrial Development Co., Ltd. visited Li Dazhao Memorial Hall. (2021, 17 June). Tsuniversal, available at: https://www.tsuniversal.com/news/74.html (accessed on 3 April 2023).

( 15 ) Suqian Nangang Jinxin Rolling Co., Ltd . (n.d.). QCC, available at: https://www.qcc.com/firm/e466e01d6e0994f2d8c8736a6d7e4da7.html (accessed on 3 April 2023).

( 16 ) The party committee of Jingye Group commended the advanced party branches and exemplary party members in 2022 . (2023, 3 March). Jingye Group, available at: http://www.hbjyjt.com/content/?2085.html (accessed on 3 April 2023).

( 17 ) See for example Art. 33 of the CCP Constitution, Article 19 of the Chinese Company Law or the Guidelines on stepping up the United Front work in the private sector for the new era issued by the General Office of the CCP’s Central Committee in 2020,

( 18 ) available at: http://www.chinaisa.org.cn/gxportal/xfgl/portal/content.html?articleId=5b2ddec5eba936fba45d7bd801b09f6ff30d867762906011672eaeda213c54ac&columnId=0227750914a0f2a722c5b71b220e0aa19ceb0ee2cd7a7e325a35f6591cdbf66a (accessed on 3 April 2023).

( 19 ) See: https://www.miit.gov.cn/jgsj/ycls/gzdt/art/2020/art_8fc2875eb24744f591bfd946c126561f.html (accessed on 3 April 2023).

https://www.miit.gov.cn/jgsj/ycls/gzdt/art/2020/art_8fc2875eb24744f591bfd946c126561f.html (accessed on 3 April 2023).

https://www.miit.gov.cn/jgsj/ycls/gzdt/art/2020/art_8fc2875eb24744f591bfd946c126561f.html (accessed on 3 April 2023).

https://www.miit.gov.cn/jgsj/ycls/gzdt/art/2020/art_8fc2875eb24744f591bfd946c126561f.html (accessed on 3 April 2023).

( 20 ) See Section IV, Subsection 3 of the 14 th FYP on Developing the Raw Materials Industry

( 21 ) See Section II, Subsection 1 of the 14 th FYP on Developing Scrap Steel Industry

( 22 ) See Shandong Province 14 th FYP on developing shipbuilding and marine engineering equipment, available at:http://gxt.shandong.gov.cn/art/2022/3/29/art_103885_10301690.html (Accessed 04 April 2023) and 14 th Five-Year Plan for the Development of Ship and Marine Engineering Equipment Industry in Jiangsu Province, available at: https://gxt.jiangsu.gov.cn/art/2022/3/22/art_6197_10385582.html (Accessed 04 April 2023).

( 23 ) See the Hebei Province’s Three Year Action Plan on Cluster Development in the Steel Industry Chain, Chapter I, Section 3; available at: https://huanbao.bjx.com.cn/news/20200717/1089773.shtml (accessed on 3 April 2023).

( 24 ) Tangshan Municipal People’s Government issued the ‘1+3’ Action Plan for Tangshan Steel Industry . (2022, 6 June). China Iron and Steel Association, available at: http://www.chinaisa.org.cn/gxportal/xfgl/portal/content.html?articleId=e2bb5519aa49b566863081d57aea9dfdd59e1a4f482bb7acd243e3ae7657c70b&columnId=3683d857cc4577e4cb75f76522b7b82cda039ef70be46ee37f9385ed3198f68a (accessed on 3 April 2023).

( 25 ) See the Henan Implementation Plan for the Transformation and Upgrade of the Steel Industry during the 14 th FYP, Chapter II, Section 3; available at: https://huanbao.bjx.com.cn/news/20211210/1192881.shtml (accessed on 3 April 2023)

( 26 ) Liming, C. (2018, December 2). Interview with Ji Bingyuan, Chairman, General Manager and Party Secretary of Longteng Special Steel .

( 27 ) Longteng Special Steel and Huaneng Jiangsu reached a strategic cooperation . (2021, 22 June). Sina Finance App. https://finance.sina.com.cn/money/future/indu/2021-06-22/doc-ikqcfnca2450921.shtml (accessed on 3 April 2023).

( 28 ) Export-Import Bank of China Jiangsu Branch signed ‘Deepening Cooperation Agreement’ with Changshu Municipal People’s Government . (2021, 26 March). JSCHINA, available at: https://jsnews.jschina.com.cn/xhh/news/202103/t20210326_2753645.shtml (accessed on 3 April 2023)

( 29 ) The Party Committee of the Transport Bureau and Longteng Special Steel held a signing ceremony for party building . (2020, 5 August). Changshu Government, available at: http://www.changshu.gov.cn/zgcs/c100297/202008/03d86105d1b24c0093db89f968f834f7.shtml (accessed on 3 April 2023).

( 30 ) Huang Yixin . (n.d.). Aiqicha Baidu, available at: https://aiqicha.baidu.com/person?personId=4736c00788016f6251d98eb690072596 (accessed on 3 April 2023).

( 31 ) Report, Part III, Chapter 14, p. 346 ff.

( 32 ) See the People’s Republic of China 14 th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development and Long-Range Objectives for 2035, Part III, Article VIII, available at: https://cset.georgetown.edu/publication/china-14th-five-year-plan/ (accessed on 3 April 2023).

( 33 ) See in particular Sections I and II of the 14 th FYP on Developing the Raw Materials Industry.

( 34 ) See the 14 th FYP on Developing the Raw Materials Industry, p. 22.

( 35 ) See the Hebei Tangshan Municipality Iron and Steel 1+3 Action Plan 2022, Chapter 4, Section 2; available at: http://www.chinaisa.org.cn/gxportal/xfgl/portal/content.html?articleId=e2bb5519aa49b566863081d57aea9dfdd59e1a4f482bb7acd243e3ae7657c70b&columnId=3683d857cc4577e4cb75f76522b7b82cda039ef70be46ee37f9385ed3198f68a (accessed on 3 April 2023).

( 36 ) See Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/635, recitals 134-135 and Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/508, recitals 143-144.

( 37 ) World Bank Open Data – Upper Middle Income, https://data.worldbank.org/income-level/upper-middle-income.

( 38 ) OJ L 450, 16.12.2021, p. 59 .

( 39 ) Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/687 of 2 May 2019 imposing a definitive anti-dumping duty on imports of certain organic coated steel products originating in the People’s Republic of China following an expiry review pursuant to Article 11(2) of Regulation (EU) 2016/1036 of the European Parliament and of the Council ( OJ L 116, 3.5.2019, p. 5 ).

( 40 ) https://www.gtis.com/gta

( 41 ) https://xml.metalbulletin.com/mb-index.html

( 42 ) https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/In$dex?p=Labour-Cost-Statistics-2020-37495

( 43 ) https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Electricity-and-Natural-Gas-Prices-Period-I:-January-June,-202245567

( 44 ) https://www.izsu.gov.tr/YuklenenDosyalar/AtikSuTarifeleri

( 45 ) Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/353 of 3 March 2020 imposing a definitive anti-dumping duty and definitively collecting the provisional duty imposed on imports of steel road wheels originating in the People’s Republic of China ( OJ L 65, 4.3.2020, p. 9 ).

( 46 ) Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/1408 of 6 October 2020 imposing a definitive anti-dumping duty and definitively collecting the provisional duty imposed on imports of certain hot rolled stainless steel sheets and coils originating in Indonesia, the People’s Republic of China and Taiwan ( OJ L 325, 7.10.2020, p. 26 ).

( 47 ) OJ L 450, 16.12.2021, p. 59 .

( 48 ) Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/687 of 2 May 2019 imposing a definitive anti-dumping duty on imports of certain organic coated steel products originating in the People’s Republic of China following an expiry review pursuant to Article 11(2) of Regulation (EU) 2016/1036 of the European Parliament and of the Council ( OJ L 116, 3.5.2019, p. 5 ).

( 49 ) Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/95 of 24 January 2022 imposing a definitive anti-dumping duty on imports of certain tube and pipe fittings, of iron or steel, originating in the People’s Republic of China, as extended to imports of certain tube and pipe fittings, of iron or steel consigned from Taiwan, Indonesia, Sri Lanka and the Philippines, whether declared as originating in these countries or not, following an expiry review pursuant to Article 11(2) of Regulation (EU) 2016/1036 of the European Parliament and of the Council ( OJ L 16, 25.1.2022, p. 36 ).

( 50 ) Regulation (EU) 2015/755 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2015 on common rules for imports from certain third countries ( OJ L 123, 19.5.2015, p. 33 ). Article 2(7) of the basic Regulation considers that domestic prices in those countries cannot be used for the purpose of determining normal value.

( 51 ) https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Labour-Cost-Statistics-2020-37495

( 52 ) https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Consumer-Price-Index-January-2023-49655.

( 53 ) https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Electricity-and-Natural-Gas-Prices-Period-I:-January-June,-2022-45567.

( 54 ) https://www.izsu.gov.tr/YuklenenDosyalar/AtikSuTarifeleri/Tarifeler_01092022.jpg.

( 55 ) From 1 euro = 10.6809 Turkish Lira in first month of the IP (October 2021), to 1 euro = 18,1465 Turkish Lira in last month of the IP (i.e. +70 % overall). Sources: The European Central Bank, DG Budget, Pacific Exchange Rate Service.

( 56 ) Domestic sales were made in foreign currency.

( 57 ) Annexes F.7.9 and H.9.1 of the complaint.

( 58 ) This trend was also confirmed in Table 5 of the complainant’s response to the questionnaire for Union producers, in the version for inspection by interested parties (Tron document t22.006788).

( 59 ) This trend was also confirmed in Table 7 of the complainant’s response to the questionnaire for Union producers, in the version for inspection by interested parties (Tron document t22.006788).

( 60 ) This trend was also confirmed in Table 12 of the complainant’s response to the questionnaire for Union producers, in the version for inspection by interested parties (Tron document t22.006788).

( 61 ) Orbis database, provided by Bureau Van Dijk (https://orbis.bvdinfo.com).

( 62 ) This trend was also confirmed in Table 29 of the complainant’s response to the questionnaire for Union producers, in the version for inspection by interested parties (Tron document t22.006788).

( 63 ) This trend was also confirmed in summary table of the complainant’s response to the questionnaire for Union producers, in the version for inspection by interested parties (Tron document t22.006788).

( 64 ) See complaint Annex F.7.8, available in the open file, and the British Steel bulb flats brochure, available here: https://britishsteel.co.uk/what-we-do/special-profiles/bulb-flats/ (last accessed on 14 April 2023).

( *1 ) The complainant did not have any exports during the investigation period.

( 65 ) Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/978 of 23 June 2022 amending Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/159 imposing a definitive safeguard measure on imports of certain steel products ( OJ L 167, 24.6.2022, p. 58 ).

COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING REGULATION (EU) 2023/1444 of 11 July 2023 imposing a provisional anti-dumping duty on imports of steel bulb flats originating in the People’s Republic of China and Türkiye