This Regulation shall enter into force on the day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union .

This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in all Member States.

Done at Brussels, 6 June 2025.

For the Commission

The President

Ursula VON DER LEYEN

( 1 ) OJ L 176, 30.6.2016, p. 21 , ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2016/1036/oj .

( 2 ) Notice of initiation of an anti-dumping proceeding concerning imports of hardwood plywood originating in the People’s Republic of China ( OJ C, C/2024/6048, 11.10.2024, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/C/2024/6048/oj ).

( 3 ) Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/3140 of 17 December 2024 making imports of hardwood plywood originating in the People’s Republic of China subject to registration ( OJ L, 2024/3140, 18.12.2024, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2024/3140/oj ).

( 4 ) PTIA is an association of 19 importers.

( 5 ) Complaint, Open Version, recital 179.

( 6 ) https://www.euwid-wood-products.com/ .

( 7 ) Tron registration number t24.008678.

( 8 ) The deadline to provide the questionnaire reply of the initially sampled companies expired on 25 November 2024.

( 9 ) https://tron.trade.ec.europa.eu/investigations/case-view?caseId=2753 .

( 10 ) Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/1930 of 8 November 2021 imposing a definitive anti-dumping duty and definitively collecting the provisional duty imposed on imports of birch plywood originating in Russia ( OJ L 394, 9.11.2021, p. 7 , ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2021/1930/oj ).

( 11 ) Idem, recital 26.

( 12 ) Idem.

( 13 ) See, ex pluribus , Judgment of 21 September 2023, China Chamber of Commerce for Import and Export of Machinery and Electronic Products and Others v Commission, C-478/21 P, ECLI:EU:C:2023:685, paragraphs 168, 290; Judgment of 21 September 2023, China Chamber of Commerce for Import and Export of Machinery and Electronic Products and Others v Commission, C-478/21 P, ECLI:EU:C:2023:685, paragraph 167, citing judgment of 20 January 2022, Commission v Hubei Xinyegang Special Tube, C-891/19 P, ECLI:EU:C:2022:38, paragraphs 78 to 81, 110 and 111.

( 14 ) Commission Staff Working Document on Significant Distortions in the Economy of the People’s Republic of China for the purposes of Trade Defence Investigations, 10 April 2024 (SWD(2024) 91 final).

( 15 ) Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/1159 of 13 June 2023 imposing a definitive anti-dumping duty on imports of okoumé plywood originating in the People’s Republic of China following an expiry review ( OJ L153, 14.6.2023, p. 3 , ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2023/1159/oj ), recital 83.

( 16 ) See Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/1159, recital 53.

( 17 ) See Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/1159, recital 53 (referencing Forestry Department of Hunan Province, The wood processing industry in Shandong Province develops rapidly , see at: https://lyj.hunan.gov.cn/tslm_71206/lysc/scxx/201512/t20151227_2693076.html (accessed on 14 January 2025)). The Luli Group is active in a variety of hardwood plywood products, see at: https://luligroup.en.alibaba.com/productgrouplist-212925526/Plywood.html?spm=a2700.shop_index.88.17 (accessed on 14 January 2025).

( 18 ) See Article 33 of the CCP Constitution, Article 19 of the Chinese Company Law or the Guidelines on stepping up the United Front work in the private sector for the new era, issued by the General Office of the CCP’s Central Committee in 2020 (see below).

( 19 ) Articles of Association of the China Forest Products Industry Association, adopted on 21 April 2009, see at: http://www.cnfpia.org/about-law.html (accessed on 14 January 2025).

( 20 ) Report, Chapter 3, p. 40.

( 21 ) General Office of CCP Central Committee’s Guidelines on stepping up the United Front work in the private sector for the new era, see at: www.gov.cn/zhengce/2020-09/15/content_5543685.htm (accessed on 14 January 2025).

( 22 ) See also at: https://www.ft.com/content/582411f6-fc3b-4e4d-9916-c30a29ad010e?shareType=nongift (accessed on 14 January 2025).

( 23 ) See Implementing Regulation (EU)2023/1159, recital 58.

( 24 ) See at: https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%96%9B%E8%8C%82%E6%9E%97/6365322 ; https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E9%87%91%E6%9C%88%E5%8D%8E/17587851?fr=ge_ala (accessed on 14 January 2025).

( 25 ) See Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/1159, Section 3.3.1.5.

( 26 ) See at: https://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2019-11/06/content_5449193.htm ; https://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2019-11/06/5449193/files/26c9d25f713f4ed5b8dc51ae40ef37af.pdf (accessed on 14 January 2025).

( 27 ) See at: https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/2022-02/13/5673332/files/97808c86c2454133b6416abe7eae2c55.pdf (accessed on 14 January 2025).

( 28 ) See Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/1159, recital 61.

( 29 ) See at: https://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2019-02/19/content_5366730.htm (accessed on 14 January 2025).

( 30 ) See Chinese Academy of Forestry, Research Institute of Forestry Policy and Information, Case study in the plywood industry in China , Biennial Review 2015-2016.

( 31 ) See Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/492 of 1 April 2020 imposing definitive anti-dumping duties on imports of certain woven and/or stitched glass fibre fabrics originating in the People’s Republic of China and Egypt ( OJ L 108, 6.4.2020, p. 1 , ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2020/492/oj), recitals 139-141.

( 32 ) See Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/1159, recital 64.

( 33 ) See Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, FAOLEX Database China , Updated on 22 November 2019, see at: https://www.fao.org/faolex/results/details/en/c/LEX-FAOC191311/ (accessed on 14 January 2025).

( 34 ) See Chinese Academy of Forestry, Research Institute of Forestry Policy and Information, Case study in the plywood industry in China , Biennial Review 2015-2016, p. 46.

( 35 ) See Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/492, recital 143.

( 36 ) See Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/492, recital 143; Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/1159, recital 67; Report, p. 337-341.

( 37 ) Report, Chapter 6, p. 148-149.

( 38 ) Report, Chapter 5, p. 137-165.

( 39 ) See Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/1159, recital 74.

( 40 ) See US International Trade Administration, Decision Memorandum for the Preliminary Affirmative Determination: Countervailing Duty Investigation of Certain Hardwood Plywood Products from the People’s Republic of China, 17 April 2017.

( 41 ) Report, Chapter 2, p. 7.

( 42 ) Ibid., p. 7-8.

( 43 ) Ibid., p. 10-18.

( 44 ) See at: http://www.npc.gov.cn/zgrdw/englishnpc/Constitution/node_2825.html (accessed on 30 January 2025).

( 45 ) Report, p. 29-30.

( 46 ) Ibid., p. 57-92.

( 47 ) Report, p. 149-150.

( 48 ) Ibid., p. 153-171.

( 49 ) Ibid., p. 204-205.

( 50 ) Ibid., p. 207-208, 242-243.

( 51 ) Ibid., p. 19-24, 69, 99-100, 130-131.

( 52 ) See at: http://www.gxlyjt.com/lyjt/columns/1 (accessed on 27 January 2025).

( 53 ) See at: https://en.sumec.com/men/index.html (accessed on 23 January 2025).

( 54 ) See p. 252 of Jiangsu High Hope Group’s annual report 2023, available at: http://file.finance.sina.com.cn/211.154.219.97:9494/MRGG/CNSESH_STOCK/2024/2024-4/2024-04-29/10135358.PDF (accessed on 22 January 2025).

( 55 ) See at: http://www.highhope.com/xinxigongkai/chengyuanqiye/huihongyasen/qiyejibenxinxi/2022-03-08/3061.html (accessed on 23 January 2025).

( 56 ) See at: lyj.hunan.gov.cn/tslm_71206/lysc/scxx/201512/t20151227_2693076.html (accessed 22 January 2025).

( 57 ) See at: https://m.thepaper.cn/baijiahao_5438304 (accessed 27 March 2025).

( 58 ) See for example Article 33 of the CCP Constitution, Article 19 of the Chinese Company Law or the Guidelines on stepping up the United Front work in the private sector for the new era issued by the General Office of the CCP’s Central Committee in 2020.

( 59 ) See Section I.1.39, p. 4, available at: https://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2019-11/06/5449193/files/26c9d25f713f4ed5b8dc51ae40ef37af.pdf , (accessed on 23 January 2025).

( 60 ) See Sec. I.1.7, p. 11, available at:

https://www.ndrc.gov.cn/xxgk/zcfb/fzggwl/202312/P020231229700886191069.pdf , (accessed on 23 January 2025).

( 61 ) See Section II.1.9 p. 81, available at: https://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2019 11/06/5449193/files/26c9d25f713f4ed5b8dc51ae40ef37af.pdf ; and Section II1.7 p. 85 available at: https://www.ndrc.gov.cn/xxgk/zcfb/fzggwl/202312/P020231229700886191069.pdf , (both accessed on 23 January 2025).

( 62 ) Report, Chapter 2, p. 24-27.

( 63 ) See at: http://www.cnfpia.org/about-law.html (accessed on 22 January 2025).

( 64 ) See at: http://www.highhope.com/dongtaizixun/huihongdongtai/2019-07-29/1394.html (accessed on 23 January 2025).

( 65 ) See at: https://www.luligroup.com/index.php?m=content&c=index&a=show&catid=9125&id=2177 (accessed on 23 January 2025).

( 66 ) See at: https://www.cnwood.org.cn/article/11_1102_0_0.html?shId=226 (accessed on 23 January 2025).

( 67 ) Ibid.

( 68 ) See at: https://www.cnwood.org.cn/article/12_12887_0_0.html?shId=226 (accessed on 23 January 2023).

( 69 ) Report, Chapter 3, p. 40.

( 70 ) See for example: Blanchette, J. – Xi’s Gamble: The Race to Consolidate Power and Stave off Disaster ; Foreign Affairs, Vol. 100, No 4, July/August 2021, p. 10-19.

( 71 ) Report, Chapter 3, p. 41.

( 72 ) See at: https://merics.org/en/comment/who-ccp-chinas-communist-party-infographics (accessed on 30 January 2025).

( 73 ) See General Office of CCP Central Committee’s Guidelines on stepping up the United Front work in the private sector for the new era, available at: www.gov.cn/zhengce/2020-09/15/content_5543685.htm (accessed on 29 January 2025).

( 74 ) See Financial Times (2020) – Chinese Communist Party asserts greater control over private enterprise, see at: https://on.ft.com/3mYxP4j (accessed on 29 January 2025).

( 75 ) Ibid.

( 76 ) See at: http://gxlyjt.com/lyjt/doc/820 (accessed on 27 January 2025).

( 77 ) See at: http://www.gxlyjt.com/lyjt/doc/2711 (accessed on 28 January 2025).

( 78 ) See SUMEC annual report 2023, p.37, available at: https://static.sse.com.cn/disclosure/listedinfo/announcement/c/new/2024-04-13/600710_20240413_DL95.pdf (accessed on 23 January 2025).

( 79 ) See at: https://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2022-08/03/content_5704115.htm , (accessed on 23 January 2025).

( 80 ) See at: https://guancai.lgmi.com/html/202302/03/4616.htm (accessed on 28 January 2025).

( 81 ) Report, Chapter 12.

( 82 ) Report, Chapter 4, p. 56-57, 99-100.

( 83 ) See at: https://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2019-02/19/content_5366730.htm (accessed on 27 January 2025).

( 84 ) Ibid. See Section III.

( 85 ) Ibid. See Section IV.

( 86 ) See Sections XI.1 and XV.3 of the plan, available at: https://www.ndrc.gov.cn/fggz/fzzlgh/dffzgh/202106/t20210617_1283435.html (accessed on 27 January 2025).

( 87 ) See at: https://shyang.investchn.com/news/detail/id/512215.html (accessed on 27 January 2025).

( 88 ) Report, Chapter 6, p. 171-179.

( 89 ) Report, Chapter 9, p. 260-261.

( 90 ) Ibid., p. 257-260.

( 91 ) Ibid., p. 252-254.

( 92 ) Repor, Chapter 13, p. 360-361, 364-370.

( 93 ) Ibid., p. 366.

( 94 ) Ibid., p. 370-373.

( 95 ) Report, Chapter 6, p. 137-140.

( 96 ) Ibid., p. 146-149.

( 97 ) Report, Chapter 6, p. 149.

( 98 ) See the Three-year action plan for improving corporate governance of the banking and insurance sectors (2020-2022 ) issued by the China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission (‘CBIRC’) on 28 August 2020, available at: https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/2020-08/30/content_5538504.htm (accessed on 30 January 2025). The Plan instructs to ‘further implement the spirit embodied in General Secretary Xi Jinping’s keynote speech on advancing the reform of corporate governance of the financial sector’. Moreover, the Plan’s Section II aims at promoting the organic integration of the Party’s leadership into corporate governance: ‘we shall make the integration of the Party’s leadership into corporate governance more systematic, standardised and procedure-based […] Major operational and management issues must have been discussed by the Party Committee before being decided upon by the Board of Directors or the senior management’.

( 99 ) See the Notice on the Commercial banks performance evaluation method issued by the CBIRC on 15 December 2020, available at: http://jrs.mof.gov.cn/gongzuotongzhi/202101/t20210104_3638904.htm (accessed on 31 January 2025).

( 100 ) Report, Chapter 6, p. 157-158.

( 101 ) Report, Chapter 6, p. 150-152, 156-160, 165-171.

( 102 ) OECD (2019), OECD Economic Surveys: China 2019 , OECD Publishing, Paris. p. 29, see at: https://doi.org/10.1787/eco_surveys-chn-2019-en (accessed on 31 January 2025).

( 103 ) See at: http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2020-04/20/content_5504241.htm (accessed on 31 January 2025).

( 104 ) Judgment of 11 July 2017, Viraj Profiles v Council, T-67/14, ECLI:EU:T:2017:481, recital 98.

( 105 ) World Bank Open Data – Upper Middle Income ( https://data.worldbank.org/income-level/upper-middle-income ).

( 106 ) Council Regulation (EC) No 765/2006 of 18 May 2006 concerning restrictive measures in view of the situation in Belarus and the involvement of Belarus in the Russian aggression against Ukraine ( OJ L 134, 20.5.2006, p. 1 , ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2006/765/oj ).

( 107 ) Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/1930.

( 108 ) Council Regulation (EU) No 833/2014 of 31 July 2014 concerning restrictive measures in view of Russia's actions destabilising the situation in Ukraine ( OJ L 229, 31.7.2014, p. 1 , ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2014/833/oj ).

( 109 ) Open version of the complaint, recital 115.

( 110 ) https://megaplywoodindonesia.com/plywood-industry-tips/the-existence-of-indonesian-plywood-now-going-global/ .

( 111 ) Turkey Forest Products Annual Market Review 2021 ( turkey-country-market-statement-2021.pdf ).

( 112 ) Regulation (EU) 2015/755 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2015 on common rules for imports from certain third countries ( OJ L 123, 19.5.2015, p. 33 , ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2015/755/oj ).

( 113 ) https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Labour-Cost-Statistics-2022-49571 .

( 114 ) epdk.gov.tr => Press releases => select Electricity Market board decisions.

( 115 ) http://www.gtis.com/gta/secure/default.cfm .

( 116 ) Exports to the PRC were excluded.

( 117 ) Article 2(7) of the basic Regulation considers that domestic prices in those countries cannot be used for the purpose of determining normal value.

( 118 ) http://www.turkstat.gov.tr => Press releases => select Labour Cost Statistics.

( 119 ) TurkStat, Labour Input Indices, Quarter lV: October-December, 2024 ( https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Labour-Input-Indices-Quarter-IV:-October-December,-2024-53685 ).

( 120 ) epdk.gov.tr => Press releases => select Electricity Market board decisions.

( 121 ) The SG & A was estimated based on the financial statements of one of the unrelated trader in the PRC.

( 122 ) The profit was based on the average profit of three cooperating importers in the Union.

( 123 ) Sea freight was estimated based on Drewery World Containter Index, consulted on 26 March 2025 ( https://en.macromicro.me/collections/4356/freight/44756/drewry-world-container-index ).

( 124 ) http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2014/833/oj .

( 125 ) http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2006/765/oj .

( 126 ) See footnote 10.

( 127 ) Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/1287 of 13 May 2024 extending the definitive anti-dumping duty imposed by Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/1930 on imports of birch plywood originating in Russia to imports of birch plywood consigned from Türkiye and Kazakhstan, whether declared as originating in Türkiye and Kazakhstan or not ( OJ L, 2024/1287, 14.5.2024, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2024/1287/oj ).

( 128 ) See footnote 3.

ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2025/1139/oj

ISSN 1977-0677 (electronic edition)

COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING REGULATION (EU) 2025/1139 of 6 June 2025 imposing a provisional anti-dumping duty on imports of hardwood plywood from the People’s Republic of China