This Regulation shall enter into force on the day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union .

This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in all Member States.

Done at Brussels, 8 August 2025.

For the Commission

The President

Ursula VON DER LEYEN

( 1 ) OJ L 176, 30.6.2016, p. 21 , ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2016/1036/oj .

( 2 ) Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/482 of 14 March 2025 making imports of barium carbonate originating in the People’s Republic of China and India subject to registration ( OJ L, 2025/482, 17.3.2025, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2025/482/oj ).

( 3 ) https://tron.trade.ec.europa.eu/investigations/case-view?caseId=2765 .

( 4 ) Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/1959 of 17 July 2024 imposing a provisional anti-dumping duty on imports of erythritol originating in the People’s Republic of China ( OJ L, 2024/1959, 19.7.2024, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2024/1959/oj ); Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/2180 of 16 October 2023 amending Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/607 imposing a definitive anti-dumping duty on imports of citric acid originating in the People’s Republic of China as extended to imports of citric acid consigned from Malaysia, whether declared as originating in Malaysia or not, following a new exporter review pursuant to Article 11(4) of Regulation (EU) 2016/1036 of the European Parliament and of the Council ( OJ L, 2023/2180, 17.10.2023, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2023/2180/oj ); Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/752 of 12 April 2023 imposing a definitive anti-dumping duty on imports of sodium gluconate originating in the People’s Republic of China following an expiry review pursuant to Article 11(2) of Regulation (EU) 2016/1036 of the European Parliament and of the Council ( OJ L 100, 13.4.2023, p. 16 , ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2023/752/oj ); Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/441 of 11 March 2021 imposing a definitive anti-dumping duty on imports of sulphanilic acid originating in the People’s Republic of China following an expiry review pursuant to Article 11(2) of Regulation (EU) 2016/1036 of the European Parliament and of the Council ( OJ L 85, 12.3.2016, p. 154 , ELI: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2021/441 ).

( 5 ) Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/1959, recitals 161-162; Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/2180, recitals 89-90; Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/752, recital 70.

( 6 ) Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/1959 recitals 103-113; Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/2180, recitals 46-50; Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/752, recital 49.

( 7 ) Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/1959 recitals 114-122; Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/2180, recitals 51-55; Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/752, recitals 50-54. While the right to appoint and to remove key management personnel in SOEs by the relevant State authorities, as provided for in the Chinese legislation, can be considered to reflect the corresponding ownership rights, CCP cells in enterprises, state owned and private alike, represent another important channel through which the State can interfere with business decisions. According to the PRC’s company law, a CCP organisation is to be established in every company (with at least three CCP members as specified in the CCP Constitution) and the company shall provide the necessary conditions for the activities of the party organisation. In the past, this requirement appears not to have always been followed or strictly enforced. However, since at least 2016 the CCP has reinforced its claims to control business decisions in SOEs as a matter of political principle. The CCP is also reported to exercise pressure on private companies to put ‘patriotism’ first and to follow party discipline. In 2017, it was reported that party cells existed in 70 % of some 1,86 million privately owned companies, with growing pressure for the CCP organisations to have a final say over the business decisions within their respective companies. These rules are of general application throughout the Chinese economy, across all sectors, including to the producers of the product under review and the suppliers of their inputs.

( 8 ) Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/1959 recitals 123-133; Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/2180, recitals 64-65; Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/752, recitals 55-63.

( 9 ) Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/1959 recitals 134-138; Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/2180, recitals 66-69; Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/752, recital 64.

( 10 ) Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/1959 recitals 139-142; Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/2180, recitals 71-72; Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/752, recital 65.

( 11 ) Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/1959 recitals 143-152; Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/2180, recitals 72-81; Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/752, recital 66.

( 12 ) Commission Staff Working Document on Significant Distortions in the Economy of the People’s Republic of China for the purposes of Trade Defence Investigations, 10 April 2024, SWD(2024) 91 final, available at: https://ec.europa.eu/transparency/documents-register/detail?ref=SWD(2024)91&lang=en , including the previous version of the document: Commission Staff Working Document on Significant Distortions in the Economy of the People’s Republic of China for the purposes of Trade Defence Investigations, 20 December 2017, SWD(2017) 483 final/2, available at: https://ec.europa.eu/transparency/documents-register/detail?ref=SWD(2017)483&lang=en .

( 13 ) See page 19 of the complaint (open version).

( 14 ) Commission Regulation (EC) No 145/2005 of 28 January 2005 imposing a provisional anti-dumping duty on imports of barium carbonate originating in the People's Republic of China ( OJ L 27, 29.1.2005, p. 4 , ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2005/145/oj ), recitals 24-29.

( 15 ) See page 20 of the complaint (open version).

( 16 ) See pages 19-20 of the complaint (open version).

( 17 ) See pages 20-21 of the complaint (open version).

( 18 ) See pages 21-22 of the complaint (open version).

( 19 ) See pages 22-23 of the complaint (open version).

( 20 ) See page 23 of the complaint (open version).

( 21 ) See pages 23-25 of the complaint (open version).

( 22 ) See at: https://www.hota.cn/Home.html (accessed on 12 May 2025).

( 23 ) See at: https://www.jingyan.com/intro/1.html (accessed on 12 May 2025).

( 24 ) See at: http://lylchem.com/English/about.asp (accessed on 12 May 2025).

( 25 ) See at: https://www.sinochem.com/sinochem/guwm/qygk/jj/A031002001001Gone1.html (accessed on 12 May 2025).

( 26 ) See at: http://www.redstarchem.com/intro/4.html (accessed on 12 May 2025).

( 27 ) See Guizhou Redstar Developing Co., Ltd. annual report 2024, p.116, available at: https://file.finance.qq.com/finance/hs/pdf/2025/04/26/1223321234.PDF (accessed on 12 May 2025).

( 28 ) See at: http://www.redstarchem.com/about.html (accessed on 12 May 2025).

( 29 ) See at: http://www.sinochemhx.com/shxschina/ywgl/zycp/A074003001Gone1.html (accessed on 12 May 2025).

( 30 ) See at: http://wap.sasac.gov.cn/n2588045/n27271785/n27271792/c14159097/content.html (accessed on 12 May 2025).

( 31 ) See at: http://www.hhxj.chemchina.com/s/22260-63719-185778.html (accessed on 12 May 2025).

( 32 ) See Art. 33 of the CCP Constitution, Article 19 of the Chinese Company Law. See also the Report, Chapter 3, p. 47-50.

( 33 ) See Art. 5 of the Law on Promoting the Private Sector, available at: https://www.gov.cn/yaowen/liebiao/202504/content_7022018.htm (accessed on 13 May 2025).

( 34 ) See CPCIF Articles of Association, Article 3, available at: http://www.cpcif.org.cn/detail/40288043661e27fb01661e386a3f0001?e=1 (accessed on 12 May 2025).

( 35 ) Ibid.

( 36 ) See CPCIF Articles of Association, Article 36, available at: http://www.cpcif.org.cn/detail/40288043661e27fb01661e386a3f0001?e=1 (accessed on 12 May 2025).

( 37 ) See at: http://www.cpcif.org.cn/list/40288043661dc14701661ddbe0980010 (accessed on 12 May 2025).

( 38 ) See at: https://www.cisia.org/ (accessed on 12 May 2025).

( 39 ) See CISIA Articles of Association, Articles 3 and 36, available at: https://www.cisia.org/site/content/62346.html (accessed on 12 May 2025).

( 40 ) Ibid.

( 41 ) Ibid.

( 42 ) See at: https://www.cisia.org/site/content/6621.html (accessed on 12 May 2025).

( 43 ) See Section III.8.3 of the 14 th FYP and 2035 perspectives, available at: https://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2021-03/13/content_5592681.htm (accessed on 12 May 2025).

( 44 ) See Art.16, Law on Promoting the Private Sector, available at: https://www.gov.cn/yaowen/liebiao/202504/content_7022018.htm (accessed on 13 May 2025).

( 45 ) See at: https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/2022-04/08/content_5683972.htm#msdynttrid=WRmyf07ph0z74SHmXoOLKjRWl09BdZ4lGdYp9fiI9xU (accessed 12 May 2025).

( 46 ) Ibid., Section I.3.

( 47 ) Ibid., Section III.4.

( 48 ) See p. 87, available at: https://www.ndrc.gov.cn/xxgk/zcfb/fzggwl/202312/P020231229700886191069.pdf (accessed on 12 May 2025).

( 49 ) See p. 111, available at: https://www.ndrc.gov.cn/xxgk/zcfb/fzggwl/202312/P020231229700886191069.pdf (accessed on 12 May 2025).

( 50 ) See p. 8, available at: https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/2021-12/29/5665166/files/90c1c79a00b44c67b59c29392476c862.pdf (accessed on 12 May 2025).

( 51 ) See Section II.2.4, available at: https://huanbao.bjx.com.cn/news/20211201/1191133.shtml (accessed on 12 May 2025).

( 52 ) Ibid, See Section III.1.4.

( 53 ) See at: http://lylchem.com/English/index.asp# (accessed on 12 May 2025).

( 54 ) See Section VI.1, available at: https://www.ndrc.gov.cn/fggz/fzzlgh/dffzgh/202105/P020210508614699466849.pdf (accessed on 12 May 2025).

( 55 ) See Section IV.3 https://fgw.guizhou.gov.cn/ztzl/sswgh_5643328/202109/P020220524636540764870.pdf (accessed on 13 May 2025).

( 56 ) See at: https://vip.stock.finance.sina.com.cn/corp/view/vCI_CorpManagerInfo.php?stockid=600367&Pcode=30038417&Name=%B8%DF%D4%C2%B7%C9 (accessed on 12 May 2025).

( 57 ) See at: https://www.hota.cn/djgzinfo/1608303981866827776.html (accessed on 12 May 2025).

( 58 ) See at: https://www.hota.cn/Home.html (accessed on 12 May 2025).

( 59 ) See at: http://www.tzxgt.cn/news/56.html (accessed on 12 May 2025).

( 60 ) See at: https://www.sinochem.com/sinochem/guwm/zlzz/ds/A031002002002Gone1.html , (accessed on 12 May 2025).

( 61 ) See at: https://www.sinochem.com/sinochem/dzyjj/dj11/A031007001Gone1.html (accessed on 12 May 2025).

( 62 ) The Report, Part III, Chapter 16.

( 63 ) Ibid., Section 16.3.

( 64 ) See Section IV.1.3, available at: https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/2021-12/29/content_5665166.htm (accessed on 12 May 2025).

( 65 ) See at: https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/202307/content_6894869.htm (accessed on 13 May 2025).

( 66 ) See at: https://www.tianzhu.gov.cn/zwgk/zdlygk/gyfz/202305/t20230525_79896343.html (accessed on 13 May 2025).

( 67 ) Ibid.

( 68 ) See at: http://gz.news.cn/20241119/b6ef61a4240944419d65127fb59b8e4b/c.html (accessed on 13 May 2025).

( 69 ) Ibid.

( 70 ) See at: https://www.hb.chinanews.com.cn/news/2022/0105/369027.html (accessed on 13 May 2025).

( 71 ) See at: https://english.www.gov.cn/news/202406/19/content_WS6672c84ac6d0868f4e8e8531.html#:~:text=China%20will%20scale%20up%20support,of%20Industry%20and%20Information%20Technology (accessed on 13 May 2025).

( 72 ) Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/1959, recitals 153-157 and Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/2180, recitals 82-84; Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/752, recital 67.

( 73 ) See Section VIII.16, available at: https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/2022-04/08/content_5683972.htm#msdynttrid=WRmyf07ph0z74SHmXoOLKjRWl09BdZ4lGdYp9fiI9xU (accessed on 13 May 2025).

( 74 ) World Bank Open Data – Upper Middle Income, https://data.worldbank.org/income-level/upper-middle-income .

( 75 ) Regulation (EU) 2015/755 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2015 on common rules for imports from certain third countries ( OJ L 123, 19.5.2015, p. 33 , ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2015/755/oj ) as amended by Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2017/749 of 24 February 2017 amending Regulation (EU) 2015/755 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards the removal of Kazakhstan from the list of countries in Annex I thereto ( OJ L 113, 29.4.2017, p. 11 , ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_del/2017/749/oj ).

( 76 ) http://www.turkstat.gov.tr/ .

( 77 ) EMRA | Energy Market Regulatory Authority (epdk.gov.tr)=> Press releases => select Electricity electricity market board decisions.

( 78 ) Regulation (EU) 2015/755 on common rules for imports from certain third countries. Article 2(7) of the basic Regulation considers that domestic prices in those countries cannot be used for the purpose of determining normal value.

( 79 ) See https://www.imarcgroup.com/barite-pricing-report , last accessed on 6 June 2025.

( 80 ) See https://www.imarcgroup.com/barite-pricing-report , last accessed on 6 June 2025.

( 81 ) The labour costs are available at http://www.turkstat.gov.tr/ .

( 82 ) https://data.tuik.gov.tr .

( 83 ) EMRA | Energy Market Regulatory Authority (epdk.gov.tr)=> Press releases => select Electricity electricity market board decisions.

( 84 ) https://www.alkim.com.tr/files/file/dosya-Vb5yp4tsYm0EUPq-2024.pdf (last accessed on 22 May 2025) and https://www.sisecam.com/en/s-investor-relations/Documents/Annual%20Reports/SCAM_FRAE_2024_MTB_uyg_23.pdf (last accessed on 22 May 2025).

( 85 ) OJ L 250, 28.9.2017, p. 34 .

COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING REGULATION (EU) 2025/1724 of 8 August 2025 imposing a provisional anti-dumping duty on imports of barium carbonate originating in the People`s Republic of China and India ANNEX