This Regulation shall enter into force on the day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union .

Article 1 shall apply for a period of six months.

This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in all Member States.

Done at Brussels, 9 April 2024.

For the Commission

The President

Ursula VON DER LEYEN

( 1 ) OJ L 176, 30.6.2016, p. 21 .

( 2 ) OJ C 282, 11.8.2023, p. 4 .

( 3 ) OJ C, C/2023/1567, 21.12.2023 , http://data.europa.eu/eli/C/2023/1567/oj .

( 4 ) t23.003562 dated 30 August 2023.

( 5 ) https://tron.trade.ec.europa.eu/investigations/case-view?caseId=2676 .

( 6 ) Commission Staff Working Document on Significant Distortions in the Economy of the People’s Republic of China for the purposes of Trade Defence Investigations, 20 December 2017, SWD(2017) 483 final/2.

( 7 ) See Article 3 of the Federation’s Articles of Association, available at: http://www.cpcif.org.cn/detail/40288043661e27fb01661e386a3f0001?e=1 ; see further concerning the Flame Retardant Materials Committee http://www.cpcif.org.cn/detail/25e06677-2011-4e78-a5c9-008dd32dd365 (accessed on 8 March 2024).

( 8 ) https://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2019-11/06/content_5449193.htm (last accessed on 23 February 2024).

( 9 ) Zhejiang Wansheng Co. Ltd., 2021 Annual Report, page 362; Yangzhou Chenhua New Material Co., Ltd., 2021 Annual Report, pages 477-478; Hubei Xingfa Chemical Group Co. Ltd., 2021 Annual Report, pages 493 and 494.

( 10 ) Report – Chapter 2, p. 6-7.

( 11 ) Report – Chapter 2, p. 10.

( 12 ) Available at: http://www.npc.gov.cn/zgrdw/englishnpc/Constitution/node_2825.htm (accessed on 22 January 2024).

( 13 ) Report – Chapter 2, p. 20-21.

( 14 ) Report – Chapter 3, p. 41, 73-74.

( 15 ) Report – Chapter 6, p. 120-121.

( 16 ) Report – Chapter 6. p. 122-135.

( 17 ) Report – Chapter 7, p. 167-168.

( 18 ) Report – Chapter 8, p. 169-170, 200-201.

( 19 ) Report – Chapter 2, p. 15-16, Report – Chapter 4, p. 50, p. 84, Report – Chapter 5, p. 108-109.

( 20 ) http://www.tayrsw.com/index.php?c=category&id=7 (accessed on 22 January 2024).

( 21 ) http://www.jsac.com.cn/ (accessed on 22 January 2024).

( 22 ) http://www.wengfu.com/%e9%9b%86%e5%9b%a2%e7%ae%80%e4%bb%8b-1 (accessed on 22 January 2024).

( 23 ) http://www.ws-chem.com/en/index.aspx (accessed on 22 January 2024).

( 24 ) Article 33 of the CCP Constitution, Article 19 of the Chinese Company Law or General Office of CCP Central Committee’s Guidelines on stepping up the United Front work in the private sector for the new era (see below for full reference).

( 25 ) http://www.cpcif.org.cn/detail/40288043661e27fb01661e386a3f0001?e=1 (accessed on 29 January 2024).

( 26 ) http://www.ccema.org.cn/wzsy (accessed on 29 January 2024).

( 27 ) http://www.ccema.org.cn/xhzc (accessed on 29 January 2024).

( 28 ) Report – Chapter 5, p. 100-101.

( 29 ) Report – Chapter 2, p. 26.

( 30 ) See for example: Blanchette, J. – Xi’s Gamble: The Race to Consolidate Power and Stave off Disaster ; Foreign Affairs, Vol. 100, No 4, July/August 2021, p. 10-19.

( 31 ) Report – Chapter 2, p. 31-32.

( 32 ) Available at: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-congress-companies-idUSKCN1B40JU (accessed on 29 January 2024).

( 33 ) General Office of CCP Central Committee’s Guidelines on stepping up the United Front work in the private sector for the new era : www.gov.cn/zhengce/2020-09/15/content_5543685.htm (accessed on 29 January 2024).

( 34 ) Financial Times (2020) – Chinese Communist Party asserts greater control over private enterprise: https://on.ft.com/3mYxP4j (accessed on 29 January 2024).

( 35 ) http://www.jsac.com.cn/ (accessed on 29 January 2024).

( 36 ) http://jscc.sinopec.com/jscc/about_us/teammanagement/ (accessed on 29 January 2024).

( 37 ) http://www.sinopec.com/listco/Resource/Pdf/2023032507.pdf , p. 26 (accessed on 29 January 2024).

( 38 ) http://www.sinopecgroup.com/group/gywm/ddjs.shtml http://jscc.sinopec.com/jscc/about_us/teammanagement/ (accessed on 29 January 2024).

( 39 ) Report – Chapters 14.1 to 14.3.

( 40 ) Report – Chapter 4, p. 41-42, 83.

( 41 ) 14th FYP on raw materials. Available at : https://www.miit.gov.cn/zwgk/zcwj/wjfb/tz/art/2021/art_2960538d19e34c66a5eb8d01b74cbb20.html (accessed on 29 January 2024).

( 42 ) Ibid., Section IV.1.

( 43 ) https://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2019-11/06/content_5449193.htm (accessed on 29 January 2024) and https://www.ndrc.gov.cn/xxgk/zcfb/fzggwl/202312/t20231229_1362999.html (accessed on 29 January 2024).

( 44 ) https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/202308/content_6900274.htm (accessed on 29 January 2024).

( 45 ) Ibid.

( 46 ) https://jxt.zj.gov.cn/art/2022/12/6/art_1229560971_2450348.html (accessed on 29 January 2024).

( 47 ) Ibid. Column 1 Efficient and flexible fibre preparation and quality improvement.

( 48 ) https://huanbao.bjx.com.cn/news/20211201/1191133.shtml (accessed on 29 January 2024).

( 49 ) Ibid., Section III.1.3.

( 50 ) Ibid., Section III.2.3.

( 51 ) http://gxt.jiangsu.gov.cn/art/2021/9/3/art_6197_10099378.html (accessed on 29 January 2024).

( 52 ) Ibid., Section 5.2.6.1.

( 53 ) Ibid., Section 5.2.6.1.1.

( 54 ) Report – Chapter 6, p. 138-149.

( 55 ) Report – Chapter 9, p. 216.

( 56 ) Report – Chapter 9, p. 213-215.

( 57 ) Report – Chapter 9, p. 209-211.

( 58 ) Report – Chapter 13, p. 332-337.

( 59 ) Report – Chapter 13, p. 336.

( 60 ) Report – Chapter 13, p. 337-341.

( 61 ) Report – Chapter 6, p. 114-117.

( 62 ) Report – Chapter 6, p. 119.

( 63 ) Report – Chapter 6, p. 120.

( 64 ) Report – Chapter 6, p. 121-122, 126-128, 133-135.

( 65 ) See official policy document of the China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission of 28 August 2020: Three-year action plan for improving corporate governance of the banking and insurance sectors (2020-2022) : http://www.cbirc.gov.cn/cn/view/pages/ItemDetail.html?docId=925393&itemId=928 (accessed on 29 January 2024). The Plan instructs to ‘further implement the spirit embodied in General Secretary Xi Jinping’s keynote speech on advancing the reform of corporate governance of the financial sector’. Moreover, the Plan’s Section II aims at promoting the organic integration of the Party’s leadership into corporate governance: ‘we shall make the integration of the Party’s leadership into corporate governance more systematic, standardised and procedure-based […] Major operational and management issues must have been discussed by the Party Committee before being decided upon by the Board of Directors or the senior management’.

( 66 ) See CBIRC’s Notice on the Commercial banks performance evaluation method, issued on 15 December 2020: http://jrs.mof.gov.cn/gongzuotongzhi/202101/t20210104_3638904.htm (accessed on 29 January 2024).

( 67 ) See IMF Working Paper ‘Resolving China’s Corporate Debt Problem’, by Wojciech Maliszewski, Serkan Arslanalp, John Caparusso, José Garrido, Si Guo, Joong Shik Kang, W. Raphael Lam, T. Daniel Law, Wei Liao, Nadia Rendak, Philippe Wingender, Jiangyan, October 2016, WP/16/203.

( 68 ) Report – Chapter 6, p. 121-122, 126-128, 133-135.

( 69 ) OECD (2019), OECD Economic Surveys: China 2019, OECD Publishing, Paris. p. 29, available at:

https://doi.org/10.1787/eco_surveys-chn-2019-en (accessed on 29 January 2024).

( 70 ) http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2020-04/20/content_5504241.htm (accessed on 29 January 2024).

( 71 ) See the 14th FYP, Article LXV.

( 72 ) World Bank Open Data – Upper Middle Income, https://data.worldbank.org/income-level/upper-middle-income .

( 73 ) 25 October 2023, t23.005004.

( 74 ) 19 January 2024, t24.000844.

( 75 ) Regulation (EU) 2015/755 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2015 on common rules for imports from certain third countries ( OJ L 123, 19.5.2015, p. 33 ) as amended by Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2017/749 of 24 February 2017 ( OJ L 113, 29.4.2017, p. 11 ). Article 2(7) of the basic Regulation considers that domestic prices in those countries cannot be used for the purpose of determining normal value.

( 76 ) https://www.ibge.gov.br/estatisticas/economicas/industria/9042-pesquisa-industrial-anual.html?=&t=resultados (last viewed on 13 February 2024), ref. t24.001909.

( 77 ) https://www.gov.br/mme/pt-br/assuntos/secretarias/sntep/publicacoes/boletins-mensais-de-energia/2023-1/ingles (last viewed on 16 February 2024).

( 78 ) Nomenclatura Comum do Mercosul (‘NCM’).

( 79 ) GTA imports are reported in litres. The conversion into tonnes (t) was based on the density of alcohol being 789 kg/m 3 at 20 degrees centigrade and standard atmospheric pressure.

( 80 ) https://www.ibge.gov.br/estatisticas/economicas/industria/9042-pesquisa-industrial-anual.html?=&t=destaques (last viewed on 13 February 2024), ref. t24.001909.

( 81 ) https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/3859598/5902521/KS-RA-07-015-EN.PDF NACE Rev. 2 is the classification of economic activities corresponding to ISIC Rev. 4 (International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities) at European level.

( 82 ) https://www.ibge.gov.br/en/statistics/economic/prices-and-costs/17136-national-consumer-pricce-index.html?edicao=36055&t=downloads (last viewed on 15 February 2024), ref. t24.001978.

( 83 ) https://ilostat.ilo.org/topics/working-time/ (last viewed on 15 February 2024).

( 84 ) https://www.bcb.gov.br/controleinflacao/indicepreco and https://www.bcb.gov.br/conteudo/home-en/FAQs/FAQ%2002-Price%20Indices.pdf (last viewed on 18 February 2024), ref. t24.001914.

( 85 ) https://antigo.mme.gov.br/web/guest/secretarias/energia-eletrica/publicacoes/informativo-tarifario-de-energia-eletrica (last viewed on 16 February 2024).

( 86 ) https://www.gov.br/aneel/pt-br (last viewed on 18 February 2024).

( 87 ) Benchmark the Fuel Cost of Steam Generation, Energy Tips: STEAM, Steam Tip Sheet #15 (Fact Sheet), Advanced Manufacturing Office (AMO), Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy (EERE) (last viewed on 16 February 2024), ref. t24.001912. The methodology refers to the cost of saturated steam for typical values of operating pressure and feedwater temperature. In the application of the methodology, an average of these typical values was used.

( 88 ) https://www.gov.br/mme/pt-br/assuntos/secretarias/sntep/publicacoes/boletins-mensais-de-energia/2023-1/ingles (last viewed on 16 February 2024).

( 89 ) https://www.epe.gov.br/sites-pt/publicacoes-dados-abertos/publicacoes/PublicacoesArquivos/publicacao-748/topico-687/BEN2023.pdf Table 3.7.5.b, p. 90 (last viewed on 21 February 2024), ref. t24.001911.

( 90 ) https://www.elekeiroz.com.br/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/Balanco-Publicacao-2022.pdf (last viewed on 13 February 2024), ref. t24.001982.

( 91 ) An indication, sign, token. Chiefly in plural.

( 92 ) Two unrelated importers provided a sampling reply, but only one provided a questionnaire reply.

( 93 ) Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/1336 of 25 September 2020 imposing definitive anti-dumping duties on imports of certain polyvinyl alcohols originating in the People’s Republic of China ( OJ L 315, 29.9.2020, p. 1 , ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2020/1336/oj ).

( 94 ) http://www.think-real.com/ data available upon subscription.

( 95 ) The Note can be found in the file for interested parties under save number t23.005616.

( 96 ) There is a small captive market which represents below 2 % of the total Union consumption. Given its negligible size, no separate analysis of the captive market was done (see recitals 356 to 359 above).

( 97 ) Ranges are provided to protect the confidentiality of the post-importation costs provided by the single cooperating importing producer.

( 98 ) https://www.aqua-calc.com/calculate/weight-to-volume (accessed on 18 March 2024).

COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING REGULATION (EU) 2024/1064 of 9 April 2024 imposing a provisional anti-dumping duty on imports of certain alkyl phosphate esters originating in the People’s Republic of China ANNEX